# Frame Control in detail

What each part of the app does, how it works, and what has been checked on a
real Frame. For installing it, see the [README](../README.md#install).

As of 2026-09-25 no other desktop app manages the Frame end to end.
[Stream Frame](https://streamframe.app/) (macOS 14+, free) records and screenshots
the headset over SSH. [FrameDrop](https://framedropvr.com) sideloads but is
Windows-only. Steam Link views the headset.

You can also run the same UI in a browser without the app, from a checkout:

```sh
./scripts/frame-ui.sh        # macOS: opens http://127.0.0.1:47810 in its own window
python3 ui/server.py         # anywhere: then open http://127.0.0.1:47810
```

## Features

The window has six tabs: **Home** (what the headset's doing and what you'd do
next, the headset view, screenshots, family and comfort, the keyboard and
trackpad, and VR performance, folded away), **Games** (installed games,
sideloaded titles, getting games), **Android** (apps, the catalogue, display
settings, reports), **Tools** (in the headset: your computer's windows, the media
player and the panel switcher; then sending files and text, Flatpaks, remote and
power), **Devices** (your headsets and their addresses), and **Control** (the
searchable Control Center, metrics, supported settings and headset guidance).
Keys 1–6 switch between them, and `T` opens Type on the headset. The gear in the header (key 7) opens **Settings**:
privacy and updates, library artwork and the assistant. The battery chip opens
the headset's details: storage, memory, temperature, Wi-Fi, uptime and SteamOS
build. Files can be dropped anywhere in the window. A
connection pill in the header always shows which headset and whether it's
connected, and how (Tailscale, or the network's name). Click it to add, edit or
reorder the headset's addresses, or to see each step of connecting. When the Frame can't be
reached, a banner says why in plain words, what was tried, and counts down to
the next try, filling everything in once it answers. Flatpak and Android installs run in the background; the bottom bar
counts them while they run.

- **Headset view**: what the lenses show, as SteamVR composites it (the room,
  floating panels, dashboard and controllers). Shows the left eye, like pointing
  a camera into one lens, or both eyes, as a single shot; saves as PNG. **Live**
  is 720p video at about 30 fps: `ffmpeg` on the Frame encodes SteamVR's
  headset-view device (`/dev/video99`) to H.264 over SSH, and the page decodes
  it with WebCodecs. Live video is one eye; Capture still gets both. The viewer
  fits the whole frame; zoom with − / + (or scroll, or double-click), drag to
  pan, `0` to fit, `F` for full screen. Capture uses OpenVR's `IVRScreenshots`
  API through Python `ctypes` (`ui/frame_vrshot.py`). Nothing extra is
  installed on the Frame (SteamOS ships `ffmpeg`). **Desktop panel** captures
  gamescope's flat layer instead.
- **Screenshots** you take in the headset with Steam's shortcut: browse them and
  save them to `~/Pictures/SteamFrame`.
- **Record** what the headset shows, with its sound, to an `.mp4` in
  `~/Videos/SteamFrame`, and **Steam clips**: export clips and background
  recordings from Steam's game recording at any length, without re-encoding.
  See [recording.md](recording.md). Not tested on a headset yet.
- **Backup & recovery** (Tools): copy game saves, settings and Android app data
  to `~/Documents/Frame Control Backups/<time>/` with a checksummed manifest,
  restore chosen parts after a factory reset, and **Return to Game Mode** when
  the headset is stuck in Desktop Mode. Sign-in files and keys are never copied.
  Not tested on a headset yet. See [backup-and-recovery.md](backup-and-recovery.md).
- **Wireless Adapter doctor** (Windows, Tools → This PC): explicitly read local
  PnP instances, presence/link states and available channel/band readings;
  explain possible Wi-Fi Direct duplicates and 2.4 GHz audio overlap. No headset
  access, automatic changes or disable button. See
  [Windows wireless diagnosis](windows-wireless-doctor.md).
- **Battery** with charging state: charge rate in watts, time to full or empty,
  charger type and wattage (for example USB-C PD 20 W), and battery temperature.
- **Status**: storage, memory, temperature, Wi-Fi, uptime, and whether SteamVR,
  the desktop, Lepton and xrdp are running.
- **Library** shelf with Steam cover art and a Play button (`steam://rungameid`).
- **Force quit** a game that has stopped responding: Steam games, sideloaded
  titles, non-Steam shortcuts and Android apps. **Running now** at the top of
  Games lists what's running; each game's own **Force quit…** (on its library
  tile, or in a sideloaded title's ⋯ menu) and the Control Center's **Force quit
  a game** card do the same. Each asks first, because unsaved progress is lost.
  Steam is asked to quit the game, then its processes get SIGTERM and SIGKILL;
  see [steam-games.md](steam-games.md#force-quitting-a-running-game).
- **Get games**: every game you own with its Steam Frame rating (Verified,
  Playable, Unsupported, Unknown). Install on Frame downloads it to the headset
  with live progress. Search the Steam store with prices and Frame ratings; Buy
  opens the store page in your browser, or Store on Frame opens it in the
  headset. It drives the Frame's own Steam client through its DevTools port;
  see [steam-games.md](steam-games.md).
- **Volume** and mute (`wpctl`).
- **Android apps**: search about 4,500 F-Droid apps rated for the Frame, install
  one with a click as its own Lepton instance (it keeps its data and shows in the
  Steam library), then launch, stop, test or remove it.
  The catalogue can load while the installed-app list is still being read. If
  that read fails, browsing remains available, but installation waits for a
  confirmed list so Frame Control does not make a duplicate app instance.
  **Report an APK** records
  whether any APK worked (F-Droid or not: pick a file, type a package, or use an
  installed app). Your reports are saved on your computer and change the verdicts
  you see. With **Share compatibility results** on (Privacy & updates), they also
  go to the shared database ([privacy.md](privacy.md),
  [compat-db/README.md](../compat-db/README.md)). A failed install records
  itself when the APK was the problem, and after an install the app offers a
  20-second test. Uses the app's bundled `adb`, or yours if you have one.
- **Android display**: pick a running Lepton instance (by the app in it) and set
  its resolution (Native 1920×1080, or Sharp 2560×1440 with density scaled to
  match), UI scale (Smaller / Default / Larger, or an exact dpi) and text size
  (0.85–1.3×) over ADB (`wm size`, `wm density`, `font_scale`). Reset puts all
  three back. Whether the settings survive the app relaunching is untested.
- **Transfer**: drag and drop files to `~/Downloads`; `.apk` files install as
  their own Android app. A game's `.zip`, folder or `.exe` becomes a title in
  the Steam library (Valve's Devkit Game path, with Proton or the Steam Linux
  Runtime picked from the program's header), listed under **Sideloaded titles**
  with Launch and Remove; see [sideloading.md](sideloading.md).
- **Type on the headset** (on Home, in Tools, in the Control Center, or press
  `T`): use your computer's keyboard and mouse, or a phone's touchscreen, in the
  Frame's apps through KDE Connect, and move clipboard text both ways. Send
  typed text or your computer's clipboard to the headset, or copy the headset's
  clipboard back: copy in a desktop app on the Frame, then **Copy the headset's
  clipboard**. The clipboard needs the desktop panel open in the headset; it's
  text only, up to 1 MB. See [file-transfer.md](file-transfer.md#clipboard).
- **Mac in the headset** (macOS): show any Mac window, or a whole screen, as
  its own panel in the headset. Place it with the SteamVR dashboard, click and
  scroll with the laser, and type on the Mac. Streams hardware H.264 through
  an SSH tunnel; see [mac-in-headset.md](mac-in-headset.md).
- **Flatpaks**: install and remove them (quick picks: Moonlight, Firefox, VLC,
  Remmina).
- **Devices**: several headsets, each with several addresses (LAN IPs per
  network, its `.local` mDNS name, its Tailscale IP or MagicDNS name). The app
  tries them all at once and learns which worked on which network. Add, edit,
  reorder and test addresses, find a headset on Tailscale or on this network,
  name your networks, and switch headsets. See [devices.md](devices.md).
- **One-click tools**: SSH or SFTP in a terminal window, Steam Link, and remote
  desktop (Windows App on macOS, Remote Desktop on Windows, Remmina or FreeRDP on
  Linux). Remote desktop first checks that the Frame's xrdp answers on port
  3389 (Developer Mode turns it on). On Windows it opens a connection file for
  user `steamos`, because `mstsc /v:` alone offers your Windows account, which
  xrdp turns away. Accept the warning about the Frame's own certificate, then
  sign in with the Developer Mode password. Sleep, restart and
  shut down open a terminal window because SteamOS asks for the sudo password
  over SSH.

## Control Center

Open **Control** or `#control` to search controls, status and help. Categories
cover device/audio, VR/comfort, apps/files, connection/remote and Frame Control
preferences. Search is local: it matches labels, descriptions and familiar terms
such as “DPI”, “microphone”, “recenter” and “keep awake”. Queries are not sent to
Steam, app catalogues, analytics or models. Choosing a workflow link opens its
existing screen; it does not install, cast, open a helper or change a setting.
Home, Games, Android, Tools and Devices retain their existing features.

The overview and detail cards use the shared `/api/status` sample: charge and
power, user/system storage, memory, Wi-Fi, IP, OS/build, uptime, detected services
and VR timings. Values refresh with the normal 30-second poll. A failed status
request, lost connection, headset switch or sample received more than 90 seconds
ago clears current readings and disables audio writes. The client receipt time
and failed-read state are retained through page startup and UI redraws. Only a
new successful status read clears a failure; reusing the retained sample does not.
The headset timestamp is shown without assuming
its clock matches this computer. Missing sensors show **Unavailable**;
they are not converted to zero. Compositor FPS is separate from application FPS;
GPU time is render time, not GPU utilisation. The temperature is the hottest
readable sensor. Thermal trip warnings use per-zone kernel hot/critical limits,
not a guessed universal temperature threshold.

**Force quit a game** lists what's running only when you choose **Check what's
running**, and says so when nothing is. Each **Force quit…** names the game and
warns that unsaved progress will be lost before anything is sent; it uses the
selected headset, refuses a second quit while one is running, and drops the
list when you switch headsets.

**Audio** controls the default output sink through the existing `/api/volume`
endpoint. Moving its slider prepares a value; **Apply volume** sends it. **Mute**
and **Unmute** send explicit mute states. The UI captures the selected headset,
blocks duplicate/pending actions, and requests status after command acknowledgment
for readback, draining an earlier poll first. Mute preserves an unapplied volume
draft; switching headsets discards it. It reports
unconfirmed or differing output separately from confirmed state. API validation
rejects invalid types, out-of-range levels and invalid mute states before SSH.

Other settings link to the existing forms and their validation, progress,
confirmations and reset behavior: per-instance Android resolution/density/text,
comfort sessions and alerts, media layouts, Mac streaming quality, privacy,
sources and artwork. Android display links reveal the **Library** before
scrolling to the form. Mac streaming remains searchable on all platforms, with
its action shown only when the server is on macOS.

Hardware guidance is deliberately separate from controls. Microphone/routing,
brightness, refresh selection, optics, controllers, Bluetooth, passthrough,
tracking-origin changes, saved spatial layouts, firmware updates and recovery
have no verified remote setting here. Use the headset's own controls or the
documented manual procedures. Movement comfort remains per-game; automatic
sleep is in Steam Settings → Power → Sleep after inactivity. Keep-awake and
Android data backup/restore remain script/MCP capabilities, not new UI switches.

**Verification:** the Control Center's JavaScript runs under Node with mocked
API and DOM boundaries; the server tests mock SSH and reject invalid values
before any device command. Packaging tests cover the shared CSS/JS in desktop
and iPhone bundles. These checks establish wiring, search, navigation, offline,
error and device-switch behavior; they do not establish wearer experience,
physical settings persistence or a new hardware capability.

## How it works

`app/` is an Electron shell. It starts `ui/server.py` on a free loopback port
and shows it in its own window; the server stops when you quit the app. The
app bundles `ui/`, `scripts/`, `frame/android/`, Valve's `frame/devkit-utils/` and the rated catalogue from
`apk-catalog/`, plus a standalone Python
([python-build-standalone](https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone))
and `adb` from Google's platform-tools, so there's nothing else to install. It
also bundles curl's copy of Mozilla's CA list, because Python on Windows only
trusts root certificates already in the Windows store. And it bundles KDE
Connect for the Frame (Valve's arm64 build and five libraries, 3.6 MB,
[`frame/kdeconnect`](../frame/kdeconnect/NOTICE.md)), which it copies to the
Frame for the keyboard and trackpad.
`app/build/fetch-deps.js` downloads all of it, pinned by SHA-256.

The server is Python stdlib only and listens on 127.0.0.1. It rejects requests
with a non-local `Host` header, and any `/api/` request without a custom
header, so other websites can't drive it or read captures. Everything reaches
the headset through its SSH alias (`frame` for the first one), pointed at the
address that answered with `-o HostName=` (`ui/frame_link.py`, described in
[devices.md](devices.md)). On macOS and Linux it keeps one
multiplexed SSH connection open, so status and each capture take about 0.3 s.
Windows' OpenSSH can't share a connection, so there each request connects on
its own and the app is a little slower. What differs between the three
systems lives in `ui/frame_host.py`.

Headset captures are deleted from the Frame as soon as they're copied, because
they show everything on screen, including anything private. The look follows
the Steam client: its palette, Motiva Sans (loaded from Valve's CDN), portrait
library capsules and green Play buttons.

**Verified on the Frame 2026-09-25 (macOS app):** status and charging details,
both capture modes (headset view while in use, and a blank frame in standby,
which the UI labels), clipboard, volume, file push, and input validation.
**Not yet exercised from the UI:** Launch, Flatpak install/remove, APK drop,
title sideloading (not yet run on a headset at all), and the power buttons. Each of these calls a command that was verified
separately.

## Per-platform notes

**macOS.** The app reads `PATH` from your login shell, so Homebrew's `rsync`
and `adb` are used when you launch it from Finder. Set Up Connection runs
`scripts/connect.sh` in Terminal. The log is at
`~/Library/Logs/Frame Control/server.log`. The build is ad-hoc signed and not
notarized: a downloaded copy is quarantined until you run
`xattr -dr com.apple.quarantine "/Applications/Frame Control.app"`. The first
time you use them, macOS asks to allow local network access (for SSH) and
control of Terminal (for SSH and power actions).

**Windows.** `ssh` is Windows' built-in OpenSSH client
(Settings → System → Optional features, if it's been removed). Set Up
Connection runs `ui/frame_connect.py` in a console window. Copies use `scp`
because Windows has no `rsync`. The installer isn't code-signed, so SmartScreen
warns on first run: choose **More info → Run anyway**. The log is at
`%APPDATA%\Frame Control\logs\server.log`.

**Linux.** Needs `ssh`, which most desktops have; the `.deb` pulls it in.
The arm64 build also needs your distribution's `adb` for Android apps, because
Google publishes no arm64 Linux platform-tools. Set Up Connection runs
`ui/frame_connect.py` in your terminal emulator (GNOME Terminal, Konsole, xterm
and others). The log is at
`~/.config/Frame Control/logs/server.log`. Running `ui/server.py` in a browser
instead of the app, sending the clipboard, or copying the headset's to this
computer, needs `wl-clipboard` (Wayland), `xclip` or `xsel` (X11).

## Building

```sh
cd app
npm install
npm start              # run from the checkout without packaging
npm run dist           # macOS: dist/*.dmg and .zip (Apple Silicon)
npm run dist:win       # Windows: installer and .zip
npm run dist:linux     # Linux: AppImage and .deb, x64 and arm64
```

Pushing a `v*` tag builds all three in GitHub Actions and attaches them to a
draft release (`.github/workflows/release.yml`). Running copies are offered it
once you publish it: see [releasing.md](releasing.md).

## AI agents and assistant

**Documented:** [the MCP adapter and assistant panel](agents.md) are Frame
Control implementations. MCP wraps this HTTP API without API keys. Changes
require a separate user approval; power also retains its password prompt. The
assistant uses a user-chosen endpoint and sends nothing until the user opts in
for a message. Screenshot context is separately opt-in. Model replies cannot
operate the headset. Settings → Open assistant settings opens the page; the linked guide
covers putting it in a Chromium panel on the Frame.